Plastic Containers and Packaging Materials: The Delusion of Degradability In recent years, plastic products labeled as “biodegradable” and “eco-friendly” have been actively promoted in the market. However, scientific research indicates that these claims may be unfounded. Difficulties with Allegedly Biodegradable Plastics The term “biodegradability” itself implies that a substance can decompose in nature under the action of microorganisms over a certain period. In practice, however, many of these materials do not exhibit the claimed properties. Oxo-degradable plastic, which decomposes through oxidation, contains special additives that accelerate its breakdown under the influence of heat, sunlight, and oxygen. But studies prove that these substances ultimately break down into minuscule particles of microplastic, which can settle in the environment and enter the human body through the food chain. Compostable plastic, made from natural components (such as starch or cellulose), can theoretically decompose in compost heaps under strict conditions. However, in real-life domestic conditions, most of these materials do not decompose and end up in landfills or are sent for incineration, where they continue to pollute the planet. The Opinion of Specialists and Scientists A significant number of scientists and experts express doubts about how effective the use of biodegradable plastics really is. Professor Mark Miodownik from University College London emphasizes: “Biodegradability is not a panacea. We do not have enough reliable data confirming its effectiveness.” Professor George W. Huber from the University of Wisconsin-Madison adds: “Such misleading information can encourage the widespread use of single-use products under the guise of being ‘eco-friendly.’ If people are convinced of the safety of biodegradable plastic, they will use it more often, leading to an increase in waste volume.” Actions to Reduce Plastic Pollution In light of increasing plastic pollution problems, governments in various countries are introducing regulatory measures concerning the use of plastic materials. The European Union banned the production and sale of oxo-degradable plastics starting in 2021. Switzerland and New Zealand followed suit in 2022. Similar initiatives are also being considered in the UK and the state of New York. The following steps are recommended to reduce the level of plastic pollution: Reduce the consumption of single-use plastic products. Support companies that switch to materials safer for the environment. Ensure plastic waste is sent for secondary recycling. Actively use reusable bags and seek alternative solutions. Summary Although products labeled as biodegradable are positioned as a safer alternative to traditional plastics, scientific research points to a very limited effect from their use. An effective solution to the plastic pollution problem requires a comprehensive approach, including changes in consumer habits, support for the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies, and tightening control over the use of plastic products, as reported by the source.
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