Researchers from China devised a neuromorphic robotic electronic skin (NRE-skin) that enables humanoid robots to sense touch and even pain.
Unlike current robotic “skin” coverings, which are essentially sensor panels, NRE-skin mimics the function of the human nervous system. This allows the robot not just to register contacts, but also to react to them instinctively, avoiding potential damage.
NRE-skin comprises four layers. The uppermost layer performs a protective role, similar to human epidermis. Beneath it are sensors emulating nerve endings. Every 75–150 seconds, the skin transmits an electrical pulse to the robot’s central processor, confirming its functionality. In case of damage or a cut, the pulse ceases, enabling the robot to pinpoint the site of harm and notify the owner.
Illustration: Xinge Yu, City University of Hong Kong
Upon contact, the skin sends a signal to the CPU containing data on the impact force. However, if the impact strength surpasses a set threshold and induces a “pain” sensation, the skin sends a high-voltage spike straight to the motors, bypassing the CPU. This triggers an instantaneous reflexive response, such as withdrawing the hand.
The work’s authors point out that their developed architecture provides high touch resolution, an active response to “pain” and damage with localized reflexes, and modular repair. The skin is made of magnetic sections, allowing the owner to quickly swap a damaged segment by simply detaching it and installing a new one.
The subsequent step will be to boost the “skin’s” sensitivity so it can simultaneously recognize multiple touches.
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