NASA has released findings stemming from research conducted using data gathered by the Juno probe during one of its close approaches to Jupiter’s moon, Europa. The spacecraft flew just 360 kilometers above the icy surface of the moon back in 2022. By employing its Microwave Radiometer (MWR), it managed to penetrate beneath the ice, surveying approximately half of Europa’s surface area. Based on the information acquired, scientists have established a profile for the object’s icy crust, refining prior rough estimates that ranged from 15 to 30 kilometers.
Europa’s Ice Thickness Averages Greater Than Previously Estimated
The analysis of the collected data reveals that the mean thickness of Europa’s ice sheath is 29 kilometers, exceeding earlier projections. Researchers specify that this figure represents the most rigid, outermost layer, composed of pure water ice. Should a more viscous, convective layer exist beneath this, the total thickness of the covering would necessarily be greater. Conversely, if the ice shell contains a minor amount of dissolved salt, as suggested by some models, the data requires adjustment, potentially reducing the actual crust thickness by about 5 kilometers.
Determining Europa’s ice depth is critical for assessing its potential habitability. This moon is frequently cited by numerous experts as the leading candidate for sheltering at least rudimentary life forms beyond Earth within our Solar System. A thicker ice layer diminishes the likelihood that vigorous geological and chemical activities capable of fostering life are occurring beneath it.
Surface Features on Europa Do Not Represent Deep Fractures
Furthermore, the MWR signal examination enabled scientists to identify what are termed scattering zones within Europa’s crust. These features correspond to cracks, voids, and empty spaces within the ice structure. Such features could significantly influence the mixing of materials within the moon’s layers. However, the assessment indicates that these scatterers are quite small and situated close to the surface. No extensive fissures that could connect Europa’s internal ocean with the exterior layer were detected.
Nevertheless, scientists anticipate further in-depth exploration of the icy world of Europa once NASA and ESA research missions, currently en route to the Jovian system, arrive at their destination.
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