Scientists have pointed out that while coffee might cause a temporary spike in blood pressure, moderate consumption doesn’t increase the risk of hypertension for the majority of individuals. This information was reported by The Conversation portal.
Arterial pressure measures the force exerted by circulating blood against the vessel walls. Readings below 120/80 mm Hg are considered normal, whereas levels of 140/90 mm Hg and higher are classified as hypertension. This condition is often asymptomatic but elevates the danger of heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
Caffeine is capable of raising blood pressure through several mechanisms. It stimulates muscles, sometimes accelerates heart rate, and prompts the release of adrenaline. Consequently, the blood vessels constrict, and the heart begins to work more vigorously. Peak caffeine concentration in the bloodstream is generally reached between 30 minutes and two hours following the consumption of a cup of coffee.
According to various reviews, the caffeine found in coffee, energy drinks, cola, and chocolate can temporarily elevate systolic (upper) pressure by 3–15 mm Hg, and diastolic (lower) pressure by 4–13 mm Hg. However, coffee beans themselves contain numerous substances besides caffeine; the beverage includes hundreds of biologically active compounds. Some of these, such as melanoidins and quinic acid, may actually contribute to blood pressure regulation and support vascular function.
An analysis spanning 13 studies involving approximately 315,000 participants indicated that overall coffee intake is not linked to a greater probability of developing hypertension. Over the observation period, over 64,000 participants developed high blood pressure, yet researchers found no clear correlation with their coffee consumption habits.
Nevertheless, exceptions do occur. A Japanese long-term study, which spanned nearly 19 years and included over 18,000 participants, revealed that for individuals suffering from severe hypertension (160/100 mm Hg or higher), drinking two or more cups of coffee daily was associated with a twofold increase in the risk of death due to cardiovascular issues. No such association was found among those with normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.
The authors advise that most people should limit their intake to four cups of coffee daily. If someone has severe hypertension, it is advisable to reduce consumption to one cup and to consult a physician regarding their diet.
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