The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) is developing the most substantial update in 36 years to the action protocol in case of extraterrestrial intelligence detection. As approaches to searching expand—from the radio spectrum to laser systems and so-called “technosignatures,” like Dyson Spheres—the rules concerning such potential findings are also transforming. The key and fundamental innovation concerns the provision on the response actions following a detected signal. Earlier versions of the protocol, first established in 1989, allowed for the possibility of sending a reply message. However, the new wording strictly instructs researchers to “refrain from transmitting any response” until the matter has been comprehensively reviewed by expert groups and world leaders within the framework of the United Nations. It should be emphasized that this protocol applies exclusively to passive search (SETI)—that is, the act of “eavesdropping” on signals originating from outside. It in no way affects the sphere of active messaging to extraterrestrial civilizations (METI). METI activities are subject to even greater scientific debate, and currently, there is no unified, approved protocol for it. The need for revision arose because the current environment is significantly more complex than the situation 15 years ago when the previous edition was released. The updated document is also intended to protect the scientists who made the discovery—from the inevitable public reaction on social media, threats of online harassment, or physical aggression. Furthermore, it establishes stricter procedures for handling the received data. The new norms introduce specific methodologies for the procedure of verifying the authenticity of the received signal. Among these is the requirement to store the recorded data in at least two geographically separate locations, as well as ensuring broad access to them for interested parties, including analysis software. In the event of an electromagnetic manifestation being detected, the protocol prescribes contacting the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) with a request to “free up” the corresponding frequency. This measure is necessary to cleanse the channel of unwanted—intentional or accidental—interference generated on Earth, allowing further, undistorted study of the signal.
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