Adipose tissue qualifies as a full-fledged organ actively governing metabolism, immune system function, mood, and reproductive capabilities. Researchers have observed that fat serves as a communicative tissue: it sends messages to the brain, regulates appetite and energy levels, supports bone health, and plays a role in immunity. This information was reported in the publication New Scientist.
There are several classifications of fat: white, brown, beige, and pink. White fat stores energy and shields internal organs, while brown fat burns calories and maintains thermoregulation; beige fat has the capacity to transform into brown fat, and the pink fat found in women’s breasts is involved in lactation.
As detailed in the material, fatty tissue secretes numerous hormones and signaling molecules known as adipokines, and nerve fibers within the fat provide swift, bidirectional linkage with the brain. Immune cells also participate in this communication, relaying signals regarding inflammation and damage.
However, not all fat carries the same benefits. Excess visceral fat elevates the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, while also negatively impacting the brain and bones. The accumulation of fat in bone marrow and around internal organs can heighten inflammation and accelerate bone tissue deterioration.
Nevertheless, an adequate amount of adipose tissue is essential for good health. Studies concerning liposuction have demonstrated that fat removal in certain areas can lead to an increase in visceral fat and a decline in metabolic status. Furthermore, some obese individuals maintain metabolic health due to fewer inflammatory cells and more effective adipokine functioning.
Scientists have explored the potential of “reprogramming” adipose tissue to enhance its function without drastic weight loss. This approach could help reduce disease risk and maintain hormonal equilibrium, even without significant weight reduction. Ultimately, this redefines adipose tissue from an enemy of the body.
A recent study revealed that even moderate physical activity can slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Over a period of 9 to 11 years, scientists monitored nearly 300 elderly individuals exhibiting early signs of the ailment and determined that while physical activity does not reduce the amount of amyloid plaques in the brain, it does lessen the buildup of tau proteins associated with memory impairment and cognitive decline. These markers were halved among the more active participants.
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