In 2025, considerable advancements occurred in the field of oncology at both international and domestic levels. Leading medical forums presented research findings demonstrating significant progress in cancer treatment, early detection, and personalized therapeutic approaches.
Dr. of Medical Sciences Marina Sekacheva, Director of the Institute of Personalized Oncology at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, discussed achievements in cellular therapy. The main focus was on expanding the application of CAR-T therapy, previously used mostly for hematological malignancies, to stomach cancer. According to the results of the second phase of clinical trials, the overall patient survival increased by 40% compared to the control group.
Sechenov University, jointly with scientists from Novosibirsk State University, completed preclinical development of a TCR-T preparation for treating HER2/neu-positive breast cancer. The combination of CAR-T and TCR-T therapy showed high potential in managing previously resistant solid tumors.
Successes were also made in pharmacological treatment. Data were published on a novel triple combination therapy for advanced colorectal cancer with the BRAF V600E mutation. This aggressive form of the disease, previously considered hard to treat, exhibits improved survival metrics due to the new treatment regimen.
Methods for early cancer detection became more precise. Liquid biopsy and analysis of circulating DNA in the blood demonstrated high informativeness. In Russia, the “OncoPro” system was registered, analyzing 12 biomarkers to determine the probability of developing six types of cancer at early stages. This allows for timely referral of patients for further examinations.
Artificial intelligence is also being actively integrated into medicine. Sechenov University developed computer vision algorithms that automatically analyze kidney tumor biopsies, ensuring a more accurate assessment of their aggressiveness. AI is also utilized to interpret MRI and CT data, predict therapy response, and design individual treatment plans. In the future, this will enable treatment plans based on a comprehensive analysis of the tumor’s genetic characteristics, the patient’s clinical history, and visual data.
Personalized medicine achieved notable success. The initial clinical outcomes of using anti-cancer vaccines based on neoantigens are intended for preventing recurrences of metastatic melanoma. In Russia, the “Target Breast Cancer” test system was registered, determining the sensitivity of tumors to targeted drugs and experimental treatment modalities.
Personalized oncology encompasses all stages of patient interaction, including individual risk assessment, conducting screening activities, selecting effective therapy, condition monitoring, and recurrence prevention.
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