Scientific studies confirm that innate differences exist in how human appetite-regulating systems operate. Various genetic alterations can influence sensations of hunger, satiety, and cravings for sugary items. This information was shared with “Gazeta.Ru” by Ekaterina Surkova, Head of Scientific Communications at the medical and genetic center Genotek.
The expert clarified that a fundamental mechanism involves hormones governing hunger and fullness, specifically ghrelin and leptin. Genes regulate the balance between these hormones, and certain variations can render individuals more attuned to hunger signals or, conversely, result in diminished recognition of satiety. For example, alterations in the FTO gene are frequently linked to increased appetite and a tendency toward overeating.
The desire for sweets is partly determined by how the brain processes reward. The dopamine system, which generates feelings of pleasure, is involved here. In some individuals, genetic particularities diminish the sensitivity of this system, meaning that greater stimulation, such as consuming sugary food, is required to achieve the same level of gratification. The geneticist explains that this accounts for why some people are satisfied with a small piece of chocolate while others find it hard to stop eating sweets.
There are also genes that impact taste perception. Specifically, variations in sweet taste receptors either amplify or reduce the perception of sweetness, causing the same food to register differently for various people.
Consequently, an individual develops either a stronger inclination towards sugar or a more indifferent response to it. However, even a genetic predisposition is not an insurmountable fate. It establishes the range of the body’s potential responses, but much can be modified through lifestyle choices. Sensible eating habits, adequate sleep, and reduced stress levels can significantly mitigate even profound tendencies toward excess eating or a strong preference for sweets.
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