Scientists from the University of Louisville’s cancer center in the United States have identified a molecular mechanism by which a compound found in pomegranates may aid in restoring the intestinal barrier.
The focus is on ellagitannins—plant compounds present not only in pomegranates but also in raspberries, strawberries, and walnuts. In the gut, beneficial bacteria convert these compounds into urolithin A.
According to the researchers, urolithin A triggers a chain of processes that help strengthen the intestinal wall. This barrier keeps bacteria inside the gut, preventing them from entering the bloodstream.
When the barrier is compromised, microbes can escape beyond it, prompting an active immune response. This has been linked to the development of inflammation, including in conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
The study revealed that urolithin A stimulates cells to produce more protective mucus, strengthens connections between them, and reduces inflammation. However, unlike some potent medications, it does not completely suppress the immune system.
So far, the research has been conducted on mice and human cells in a laboratory setting. Large-scale clinical trials on humans have yet to be performed, making it premature to discuss any therapeutic effects of pomegranates.
The scientists believe that in the future, medications based on urolithin A or similar substances could emerge, offering a way to restore gut health without heavily suppressing the immune system.
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