Scientists have discovered that the world’s largest seed reserve is not located in a specialized facility, but directly within the soil. This natural bank is formed by seeds that fall from plants, are carried by the wind, or are dispersed by water. They persist in the ground and can play a role in vegetation recovery following various disturbances.
Researchers analyzed a global database comprising 3,096 soil samples from 94 countries across all seven continents. Millions of seeds and seedlings were counted and identified across approximately 1,400 studies. The findings have been published in the journal Nature Communications.
Calculations revealed that, on average, every square meter of land, wetland, and aquatic ecosystem contains more than 5,000 seeds. The authors noted that this high seed density underscores the vital role soil reserves play in the life of plant communities, enabling many species to establish themselves in an area after adverse events.
However, the quantity of seeds in the soil does not always correlate with species diversity. In tropical ecosystems, scientists found high species richness despite relatively low seed density. Conversely, agricultural lands showed high seed counts but lower species diversity.
Experts also identified signs that human activity can negatively impact soil seed banks. Species diversity was higher in undisturbed areas than in degraded ecosystems. According to the authors, this could limit nature’s ability to independently restore damaged areas.
About the Author
