The American startup Ampera has unveiled a full-scale nuclear reactor module manufactured using 3D printing. The company claims this to be the world’s first factory-built, solid-state, subcritical thorium reactor and views the technology as a potential energy source for AI-focused data centers.
The reactor utilizes a subcritical design: it cannot sustain a chain reaction on its own and requires an external neutron source. According to the developers, this enhances system safety and reduces the risk of uncontrolled reaction escalation. The solid-state architecture also contains no moving parts, which should simplify maintenance and improve reliability.
Thorium, used as fuel instead of uranium, is significantly more abundant in nature and is regarded as a promising alternative in various nuclear technologies. Furthermore, Ampera aims to lower production costs through factory-based module assembly and the widespread use of additive manufacturing techniques.
It is important to note that the presented prototype does not yet generate electricity—the company showcased a completed engineering module without a startup phase. Eventually, it is intended to become part of a power plant capable of delivering up to 30 MW, incorporating a heat recovery system. Such a configuration could be used to power AI data centers, as well as industrial, defense, and maritime facilities.
Ampera has not yet disclosed the timeline for commercial implementation, but states that it plans to be among the first to bring serial, factory-built modular nuclear units to market.
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